Learn how different grow lights affect cannabis growth. Compare LED, HPS, and fluorescent lights, understand light cycles for autoflowers and photoperiod plants, and find the best lighting setup for beginners.

Lighting is one of the most important factors in successful cannabis cultivation. Whether you&#x2019;re growing indoors or supplementing natural sunlight, the right type of grow light directly affects plant growth, yield, potency, and overall health.In this article, we&#x2019;ll explore the main types of grow lights &#x2014; LED, HPS, and fluorescent &#x2014; and how they differ in efficiency, spectrum, and cost. We&#x2019;ll also give you a high-level overview of light cycles for both autoflower and photoperiod plants.<hr> <h2 style=" text-decoration: none;" id="why-light-matters-for-cannabis-growth">Why Light Matters for Cannabis Growth</h2>Light is the driving force behind photosynthesis, the process that allows your plants to convert energy into sugars for growth. In short:<ul style=" text-decoration: none;"><li>More quality light = more energy.</li><li>More energy = stronger plants, higher yields, and denser buds.</li></ul>The intensity, spectrum, and duration of light all determine how efficiently your cannabis plants can grow &#x2014; from seedling to harvest.<hr style=" text-decoration: none;"><h2 style=" text-decoration: none;" id="the-main-types-of-grow-lights">The Main Types of Grow Lights</h2>There&#x2019;s no one-size-fits-all solution for lighting. Each type of grow light has its own advantages, drawbacks, and ideal uses.Let&#x2019;s break them down:<h3 id="led-grow-lights-light-emitting-diodes">LED Grow Lights (Light Emitting Diodes)</h3>Overview:LEDs are now the most popular choice among indoor cannabis growers. They use semiconductor chips to emit light across customizable spectrums &#x2014; often full-spectrum, mimicking natural sunlight.Pros:&#x2705; Energy efficient (40&#x2013;60% less power than HPS)&#x2705; Low heat output &#x2014; reduces risk of heat stress&#x2705; Long lifespan (up to 50,000 hours)&#x2705; Full-spectrum coverage for all growth stages&#x2705; Compatible with small or large growsCons:&#x274C; Higher upfront cost&#x274C; Cheap or off-brand LEDs may have poor spectrum balanceBest For:Growers looking for long-term efficiency, lower power bills, and clean light control. Modern full-spectrum LEDs are ideal for both home and commercial grows.<hr style=" text-decoration: none;"><h3 id="hps-grow-lights-high-pressure-sodium">HPS Grow Lights (High-Pressure Sodium)</h3>Overview:HPS lights have been the gold standard for decades, known for their bright orange-red glow that promotes vigorous flowering.Pros:&#x2705; Proven high yields&#x2705; Excellent for flowering stages&#x2705; Widely available and affordableCons:&#x274C; High heat output &#x2014; requires strong ventilation&#x274C; Less energy efficient&#x274C; Shorter bulb lifespan (~10,000 hours)&#x274C; Limited spectrum &#x2014; not ideal for seedlings or veg growthBest For:Experienced growers or those in cooler climates who need strong light intensity during flowering.<hr style=" text-decoration: none;"><h3 id="fluorescent-lights-cfl--t5-tubes">Fluorescent Lights (CFL / T5 Tubes)</h3>Overview:Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) and T5 fluorescent tubes are great for seedlings, clones, or small-scale grows.Pros:&#x2705; Gentle light intensity for young plants&#x2705; Low cost and easy setup&#x2705; Cool operating temperatureCons:&#x274C; Not strong enough for large or full-cycle grows&#x274C; Lower yield potentialBest For:Seedling trays, cloning setups, or small grow tents focused on early growth stages.<hr style=" text-decoration: none;"><h2 style=" text-decoration: none;" id="understanding-light-cycles">Understanding Light Cycles</h2>Different cannabis types have different light needs depending on how they flower.<h3 style=" text-decoration: none;" id="photoperiod-plants">Photoperiod Plants</h3>Photoperiod cannabis relies on light cycle changes to trigger flowering.<ul style=" text-decoration: none;"><li>Vegetative Stage: 18 hours light / 6 hours dark (commonly &#x201C;18/6&#x201D;)</li><li>Flowering Stage: 12 hours light / 12 hours dark (commonly &#x201C;12/12&#x201D;)</li></ul>Reducing light exposure signals to the plant that autumn is coming &#x2014; which tells it to start producing flowers. <h3 style=" text-decoration: none;" id="autoflower-plants">Autoflower Plants</h3>Autoflowers don&#x2019;t rely on light cycles to flower. They bloom automatically based on age (usually 3&#x2013;4 weeks from seed).Most growers use:<ul style=" text-decoration: none;"><li>18 hours light / 6 hours dark &#x2014; balanced for strong growth and energy savings</li><li>Some run 20/4 or even 24/0 (constant light), but beyond 20 hours often offers minimal yield gain</li></ul>Autoflowers are more flexible, making them perfect for newer growers or those who want faster harvests.<hr style=" text-decoration: none;"><h2 id="light-spectrum-basics">Light Spectrum Basics</h2>Cannabis doesn&#x2019;t treat &#x201C;light&#x201D; as one thing &#x2014; it responds differently to distinct wavelength bands. Here&#x2019;s the high-level, horticulturally accurate view of what each band does and how to use it.<h3 id="action-bands--what-they-do">Action Bands &amp; What They Do:</h3><table style="text-decoration: none; width: 100%;" id="isPasted"><thead><tr><th style="text-align: center;">Band</th><th style="text-align: center;">Wavelength (nm)</th><th style="text-align: center;">Primary Plant Responses</th><th style="text-align: center;">Practical Use Notes</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;">UV-B</td><td style="text-align: center;">280&#x2013;315</td><td style="text-align: center;">Stress signaling; can upregulate protective compounds; excess damages tissues</td><td style="text-align: center;">Use sparingly, short exposures late flower only; optional, not required.</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">UV-A</td><td style="text-align: center;">315&#x2013;400</td><td style="text-align: center;">Secondary metabolite cues; modest morphology effects</td><td style="text-align: center;">0&#x2013;3% of total output max; optional for aroma/resin nuance.</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">Blue</td><td style="text-align: center;">400&#x2013;500</td><td style="text-align: center;">Tighter internodes, leaf thickness, stomatal density, phototropism; drives photosynthesis (Chl a/b peak &#x2248; 430&#x2013;460 nm)</td><td style="text-align: center;">More blue = squat, compact veg; too much can slow biomass. Great in veg.</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">Green</td><td style="text-align: center;">500&#x2013;600</td><td style="text-align: center;">Deeper canopy penetration; modulates stomata/signaling; contributes to photosynthesis in lower leaves</td><td style="text-align: center;">10&#x2013;20% green improves uniformity under dense canopies; helps you see true plant color.</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">Red</td><td style="text-align: center;">600&#x2013;700</td><td style="text-align: center;">High photosynthetic efficiency; flowering support (Chl a/b peak &#x2248; 640&#x2013;670 nm)</td><td style="text-align: center;">Core engine for biomass and bloom. Keep robust in veg and flower.</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">Far-Red</td><td style="text-align: center;">700&#x2013;750</td><td style="text-align: center;">Phytochrome switching (Pr/Pfr); shade-avoidance (stretch); can speed flowering transitions; &#x201C;Emerson effect&#x201D; with 660 nm</td><td style="text-align: center;">Use carefully: small doses at lights-off or as a short &#x201C;end-of-day&#x201D; pulse to influence morphology/flower timing.</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">Near IR/Heat</td><td style="text-align: center;">&gt;750</td><td style="text-align: center;">Thermal load only (no photosynthesis)</td><td style="text-align: center;">Manage canopy temp/VPD; don&#x2019;t chase this as &#x201C;light.&#x201D;</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 style=" text-decoration: none;" id="key-photoreceptors-why-this-matters">Key photoreceptors (why this matters)</h3><ul style=" text-decoration: none;"><li>Chlorophyll a/b: absorb strongly in blue (~430&#x2013;460 nm) and red (~640&#x2013;670 nm).</li><li>Phytochrome: toggles between red (660 nm) and far-red (730 nm) states to signal shade/flower cues.</li><li>Cryptochrome/UVR8: sense blue/UV for morphology and stress responses.</li></ul><hr style=" text-decoration: none;"><h2 style=" text-decoration: none;" id="practical-spectrum-recipes-high-level">Practical Spectrum Recipes (High-Level)</h2>These aren&#x2019;t rigid rules &#x2014; they&#x2019;re safe, modern LED targets that work well for most indoor grows.Vegetative focus<ul style=" text-decoration: none;"><li>Blue: 18&#x2013;25%</li><li>Green: 10&#x2013;20%</li><li>Red (600&#x2013;700): 55&#x2013;65%</li><li>Far-red (730): 0&#x2013;2% (optional/micro-dose)</li><li>UV-A: 0&#x2013;1% (optional)</li></ul>Flower focus<ul style=" text-decoration: none;"><li>Blue: 10&#x2013;15% (enough for leaf health, not too much to slow biomass)</li><li>Green: 10&#x2013;20%</li><li>Red (600&#x2013;700): 60&#x2013;70% (keep 660 nm strong)</li><li>Far-red (730): 0&#x2013;3% (optional; brief end-of-day pulse or low constant)</li><li>UV-A: 0&#x2013;2% (optional, late flower only if used)</li></ul><blockquote style=" text-decoration: none;">Tip: If your fixture is &#x201C;full-spectrum&#x201D; with added 660 nm diodes, you&#x2019;re already close. Add tiny amounts of 730 nm only if you&#x2019;re intentionally steering stretch or flower timing.</blockquote><hr style=" text-decoration: none;"><h2 style=" text-decoration: none;" id="intensity--duration-just-enough-to-be-useful">Intensity &amp; Duration (just enough to be useful)</h2>Even with the right spectrum, crops fail if intensity is off. Aim for these PPFD targets at canopy (ambient CO&#x2082;):<ul style=" text-decoration: none;"><li>Seedlings/clones: 100&#x2013;300 &#x3BC;mol&#xB7;m&#x207B;&#xB2;&#xB7;s&#x207B;&#xB9;</li><li>Veg: 300&#x2013;500 &#x3BC;mol&#xB7;m&#x207B;&#xB2;&#xB7;s&#x207B;&#xB9;</li><li>Early flower: 600&#x2013;800 &#x3BC;mol&#xB7;m&#x207B;&#xB2;&#xB7;s&#x207B;&#xB9;</li><li>Late flower (peak): 800&#x2013;1,000 &#x3BC;mol&#xB7;m&#x207B;&#xB2;&#xB7;s&#x207B;&#xB9;(&gt;1,000 typically needs supplemental CO&#x2082; to pay off)</li></ul>And remember light cycle basics (you&#x2019;ll deep-dive in the dedicated articles):<ul style=" text-decoration: none;"><li>Photoperiods: 18/6 for veg &#x2192; 12/12 to flower.</li><li>Autoflowers: 18/6 (or 20/4) from seed to finish; they flower by age, not daylength.</li></ul><hr style=" text-decoration: none;"><h2 style=" text-decoration: none;" id="quick-dodont">Quick Do/Don&#x2019;t</h2><ul style=" text-decoration: none;"><li>Do prioritize strong red + some blue for photosynthesis; keep green in the mix for canopy penetration.</li><li>Do treat far-red as a tool, not a floodlight.</li><li>Do keep UV modest and purposeful; think &#x201C;seasoning,&#x201D; not &#x201C;main course.&#x201D;</li><li>Don&#x2019;t chase spectrum tweaks before you&#x2019;ve nailed PPFD, uniformity, and VPD.</li></ul><hr><h2 style=" text-decoration: none;" id="final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</h2>Understanding the light spectrum and how different wavelengths influence cannabis growth is the foundation of every successful indoor garden. While technologies like LEDs, HPS, and fluorescents all have their place, what matters most is delivering the right intensity, spectrum, and light cycle for your plant&#x2019;s stage of life.Think of your lighting setup as the sun of your grow room &#x2014; it&#x2019;s not just about brightness, but quality, balance, and control. By combining a full-spectrum light with proper environment management and nutrient support, you give your plants the energy they need to reach their full genetic potential.Whether you&#x2019;re growing autoflowers or photoperiods, mastering lighting basics sets the stage for every great harvest &#x2014; one lumen at a time.<script type="application/ld+json">
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Understanding Grow Lights for Cannabis: A Beginner’s Guide

Should you grow cannabis indoors or outdoors? Learn how climate, light, and environment affect your plants. Discover the pros and cons of each setup and expert grower tips from Cronk Nutrients.

So, you&#x2019;re ready to start growing &#x2014; but the big question is:Should you grow cannabis indoors or outdoors?Both environments can produce incredible results, but each comes with unique challenges. The best choice often depends on your climate, growing goals, and how much control you want over the environment.Let&#x2019;s walk through the pros, cons, and key tips to help you make the right decision.<hr><h2 style=" text-decoration: none;" id="outdoor-growing--let-nature-lead">Outdoor Growing &#x2014; Let Nature Lead</h2>Outdoor growing is the oldest, most natural way to cultivate plants. You&#x2019;re using free sunlight, fresh air, and living soil &#x2014; the original recipe for strong, resilient growth.<h3 style=" text-decoration: none;" id="-pros-of-outdoor-growing">&#x2705; Pros of Outdoor Growing</h3><ul style=" text-decoration: none;"><li>Free Full-Spectrum Light: The sun provides the complete light spectrum for healthy growth and big yields.</li><li>Natural Airflow &amp; CO&#x2082;: Outdoor air circulation helps strengthen stems and promotes gas exchange naturally.</li><li>Large Root Zones = Large Yields: When roots can stretch deep, plants grow bigger and stronger.</li><li>Eco-Friendly &amp; Low Cost: Minimal electricity and fewer materials make outdoor grows sustainable and affordable.</li></ul> <h3 style=" text-decoration: none;" id="-cons-of-outdoor-growing">&#x274C; Cons of Outdoor Growing</h3><ul style=" text-decoration: none;"><li>Weather Risks: Unpredictable rain, heat, or frost can stress or damage plants.</li><li>Pests &amp; Critters: Insects, animals, and even curious neighbors can be an issue.</li><li>Shorter Grow Season: Outdoor plants depend on daylight cycles &#x2014; harvest typically falls once per year.</li><li>Limited Privacy: Not ideal if discretion is important.</li></ul><hr style=" text-decoration: none;"><h2 style=" text-decoration: none;" id="choosing-outdoor-growing-by-climate">Choosing Outdoor Growing by Climate</h2>Outdoor cannabis success depends heavily on where you live:<ul style=" text-decoration: none;"><li>Warm, dry regions (California, Southern U.S., Mediterranean climates): Ideal for outdoor growing &#x2014; consistent sun, lower humidity, and long seasons.</li><li>Cool or wet regions (Pacific Northwest, Northern Canada, Northeast U.S.): Challenging due to rain and mold; early-harvest strains or greenhouses are recommended.</li><li>Short growing seasons (northern climates): Autoflower genetics can thrive since they don&#x2019;t rely on daylight cycles.</li></ul><blockquote style=" text-decoration: none;">&#x1F331; Pro Tip: If your summers are short or unpredictable, start plants indoors under lights, then transition them outside once temperatures stabilize above 60&#xB0;F (15&#xB0;C).</blockquote><hr style=" text-decoration: none;"><h2 style=" text-decoration: none;" id="indoor-growing--total-control-any-season">Indoor Growing &#x2014; Total Control, Any Season</h2>Indoor growing gives you the ability to replicate the perfect outdoor environment year-round &#x2014; no weather worries, no seasonal limits, just pure control.<h3 style=" text-decoration: none;" id="-pros-of-indoor-growing">&#x2705; Pros of Indoor Growing</h3><ul style=" text-decoration: none;"><li>Full Environmental Control: Manage light intensity, spectrum, humidity, and airflow precisely.</li><li>Grow All Year: No seasons, no waiting.</li><li>Fewer Pests: Controlled spaces reduce exposure to bugs and mold.</li><li>Privacy &amp; Security: Great for urban or small-space growing.</li></ul><h3 style=" text-decoration: none;" id="-cons-of-indoor-growing">&#x274C; Cons of Indoor Growing</h3><ul style=" text-decoration: none;"><li>Setup Costs: Lights, fans, filters, and tents can be expensive upfront.</li><li>Electricity Bills: LEDs are efficient, but energy use still adds up.</li><li>Constant Monitoring: You control everything &#x2014; so you have to stay on top of it.</li></ul><hr style=" text-decoration: none;"><h2 style=" text-decoration: none;" id="-how-to-decide-whats-best-for-you">&#x1F9ED; How to Decide What&#x2019;s Best for You</h2>The right environment depends on your:<ul style=" text-decoration: none;"><li>&#x1F326;&#xFE0F; Climate: If you have long, sunny summers, outdoor is cost-effective. If your weather is cold, wet, or unpredictable, indoor offers consistency.</li><li>&#x1F552; Available Time: Indoor grows demand more daily attention. Outdoor grows rely more on nature but are limited to one cycle per year.</li><li>&#x1F3E0; Space &amp; Privacy: Apartment or city growers do better indoors; rural growers can thrive outdoors.</li><li>&#x1F4B0; Budget: Outdoor = cheaper to start. Indoor = higher cost but more control and year-round harvests.</li></ul><hr style=" text-decoration: none;"><h2 style=" text-decoration: none;" id="quick-tips-for-success">Quick Tips for Success</h2><h3 style=" text-decoration: none;" id="for-outdoor-growers">For Outdoor Growers</h3>&#x2705; Choose a sunny, private location with at least 6&#x2013;8 hours of direct sun.&#x2705; Start seeds indoors for a strong early start.&#x2705; Protect plants from heavy rain or frost with covers or small greenhouses.&#x2705; Feed with <a href="https://www.cronknutrients.com/collections/puur-organics" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">PuurOrganics</a> or another organic fertilizer to support living soil biology.<h3 style=" text-decoration: none;" id> </h3><h3 style=" text-decoration: none;" id="for-indoor-growers">For Indoor Growers</h3>&#x2705; Invest in a quality LED grow light &#x2014; full-spectrum is best for all stages.&#x2705; Keep airflow consistent with fans and intake vents.&#x2705; Use timers for light cycles: 18/6 for veg, 12/12 for flower (autoflowers can stay at 18/6).&#x2705; Start with Cronk Nutrients&#x2019;&#xA0;<a href="https://www.cronknutrients.com/collections/classic-line-3-part-system" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Classic Line</a>&#xA0;or&#xA0;<a href="https://www.cronknutrients.com/collections/bonnie-clyde-autoflower-line" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Autoflower Line</a> for balanced results.<hr style=" text-decoration: none;"><h2 style=" text-decoration: none;" id="the-bottom-line">The Bottom Line</h2>Both indoor and outdoor setups can produce healthy, high-quality cannabis &#x2014; the key is matching your grow style to your environment and goals.<ul style=" text-decoration: none;"><li>If you live in a warm, sunny area, outdoor growing is cost-effective and rewarding.</li><li>If your region has shorter seasons or unstable weather, indoor growing gives you complete control and consistent yields.</li></ul>Either way, your plants will thrive with the right care, lighting, and nutrition.With Cronk Nutrients &#x2014; whether you grow indoors under LEDs or&#xA0;outdoors under the sun &#x2014; you&#x2019;ll have everything you need to unlock your plant&#x2019;s full potential, naturally. &#x1F31E;&#x1F4A1;&#x1F33F;<script type="application/ld+json">
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Growing Indoors vs. Outdoors: Which Is Best for Your Grow?

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What EC and PPM levels should I target with Cronk Nutrients?

How can I adjust Cronk Nutrients feed charts for smaller or larger plants?

How do I use Cronk Nutrients in coco coir vs. soil?

Do I need to flush when using Cronk Nutrients?

Can I use Cronk Nutrients with compost teas or organic boosters?

How do I convert Cronk Nutrient dosages from liters to gallons?

What do the numbers mean on the Cronk Nutrients feed charts?

Feeding Charts & Measurements

What products does Cronk Nutrients offer?

Can I use Cronk Nutrients on non-autoflowering plants?

Can I use Cronk Nutrients on any type of plant?

What do the numbers on the bottles mean?

General Product FAQ

What should I do if my package is delayed or tracking hasn’t updated?

Can I get a discount code for Cronk Nutrients?

How can I apply for a Cronk Nutrients sponsorship?

My Cronk Nutrients arrived frozen — what should I do?

How long does it take for my Cronk Nutrients order to ship?

My tracking number says “Label Created” but hasn’t updated — what does that mean?